Depending on the spraying conditions and fluid properties, a variety of electrospray regimes exists. Here we explore the changes in ion production that accompany the transitions among the three axial spraying modes, the burst mode, the pulsating Taylor cone mode, and the cone-jet mode. Spray current oscillation and phase Doppler anemometry measurements, fast imaging of the electrified meniscus, and mass spectrometry are utilized to study the formation,

Baia-Mare industrial site in NW Romania was investigated to assess the distribution, speciation and mobility of inorganic arsenic species in soil. Contents and fractions of As(III), As(V) and total As leachable in water, 1M HCl and 10M HCl were determined in soil by single extraction. Total arsenic content in the selected sample, determined after a matrix modification with Mg(NO3)2 was in the range 10–1725 mg/g. The contents (mg/g) of leachable

The effects on the arsenic spectrophotometric absorption signal and hydride generation of the reaction medium (HCl: 0–0.05M), reducing agent (NaBH4: 0.2 –1% stabilised in NaOH: 0.2 –1%), prereducing agent (L-cysteine: 0–2%) and contact time between L-cysteine and arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) solutions were investigated using FIA–HG–QFAAS. The speciation procedure involved three steps: (i) arsenic (III) determination immediately after

The authors show that the capillary wave frequency spectrum of a charged droplet also gives an accurate estimate for the Taylor cone [Proc. R. Soc. London A 280, 383 (1964)] pulsation frequency. For low conductivity liquids and relatively large radius emitters, this frequency is mainly influenced by the anchoring radius at the emitter tip. For smaller tips the net amount of charge on the Taylor cone becomes increasingly significant. For example,

Electrosprays have diverse applications including protein analysis, electrospinning, and nanoencapsulation for drug delivery. We show that a variety of electrospray regimes exhibit fundamental analogy with the nonlinear dynamics of a dripping faucet. The applied voltage in electrosprays results in additional period doublings and temporal order-chaos-order transitions. Attractors in the return maps show logarithmic self-similarity in time, suggesting

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study charge reduction in electrosprayed liquids through the formation of slender nanojet intermediates. The dynamics of shape relaxation and disintegration were followed as a function of charge in cylindrical water nanojets containing protonated diglycine molecules. Depending on the overall charge, simulations showed three basic scenarios for nanojet evolution. Moderately charged nanojets reduced to spheres,

Recent internal energy (IE) measurements for various analytes in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) have indicated that the amount of IE transferred to analytes not only depends on the matrix but also on the nature of the analyte. Common matrixes, such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapinic acid, SA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), had been characterized as “cold” or

Spraying of liquids through an electrified meniscus has become a method of choice to produce ions from large biomolecules. Using mass spectrometry, the generated ions can be analyzed to provide detailed information on their composition and structure. This technique enables high-throughput protein analysis that is a prerequisite for answering the questions presented by proteomics. In this report, Taylor cone deformations are shown to play a central

This paper presents a statistical comparison of Cu, Mn and Zn determinations in biological samples by low power radiofrequency capacitively coupled Ar plasma (275 W; 27.12 MHz; 0.4 L min(-1) flow rate) atomic emission spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry using statistical analysis according to the Bland and Altman test and linear regression. For a content (mug g(-1) dry mass) of 5-43 Cu, 10-15800 Mn and 8-1100 Zn in fish fillet and

The behavior of electrified droplets in an atmospheric environment and the mechanism of ion formation in electrospray ionization are the subject of continuing debate. Experimental evidence to decide between the various models of ion formation (e.g., ion evaporation, Coulomb explosion, and charge residue model) is not readily available and is especially scarce for nanometer-sized droplets. Even the morphology, the structure, and the dynamics of aqueous